Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 23 (week ending 12 June 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of causative agents specified in Schedule 2 of the .
On Tuesday 7 June 2022, monkeypox was made a notifiable disease. This means that the above duties apply in terms of notification of suspected and laboratory-confirmed cases. The publication on 13 June, covering Week 23, is the first week that these cases will be reported on within this publication. The figures for both suspected cases and laboratory-confirmed cases might vary compared to other official sources for a number of reasons, such as:
- differences in timings of when the data is compiled
- duplicate data, if individuals have been tested more than once and insufficient data has been provided to UKHSA to differentiate individuals
The current number of confirmed monkeypox cases can be found here.
Causative agents:
- Acquired carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur
- Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- SARS-CoV-2
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/18 | 2022/19 | 2022/20 | 2022/21 | 2022/22 | 2022/23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 28 | 16 | 15 | 19 | 14 | 17 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 14 | 13 | 10 | 16 | 16 | 23 |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Brucella sp | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Burkholderia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 18 | 20 | 29 | 23 | 22 | 28 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 199 | 261 | 331 | 363 | 260 | 285 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2 |
| Campylobacter sp | 642 | 877 | 1,197 | 1,073 | 851 | 1,215 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 41 | 35 | 30 | 39 | 27 | 27 |
| Clostridium tetani | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 49 | 66 | 51 | 70 | 38 | 61 |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 75 | 98 | 115 | 122 | 49 | 120 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 70 | 72 | 36 | 33 | 27 | 28 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) | 61,608 | 52,616 | 42,729 | 35,657 | 40,413 | 66,565 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) indeterminate | 1,041 | 854 | 936 | 966 | 751 | 860 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 750 | 566 | 658 | 581 | 305 | 623 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 2,085 | 2,073 | 1,910 | 1,348 | 747 | 1,760 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 8 | 30 | 13 | 15 | 2 | 3 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 2 | 10 | 2 | 4 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 710 | 1,189 | 681 | 519 | 277 | 614 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 2,193 | 2,680 | 2,089 | 1,619 | 1,055 | 1,678 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | 4 | - | 1 | - | 4 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 1 | - | - | 3 | - | 3 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 50 | 39 | 53 | 27 | 13 | 7 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 26 | 17 | 23 | 21 | 19 | 37 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 4 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 41 | 34 | 53 | 65 | 53 | 48 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 6 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 13 |
| Hepatitis B | 202 | 239 | 191 | 219 | 112 | 164 |
| Hepatitis C | 312 | 309 | 363 | 371 | 317 | 298 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | - | 6 |
| Hepatitis E | 29 | 30 | 34 | 34 | 20 | 36 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 554 | 519 | 387 | 214 | 169 | 176 |
| Influenza B | 16 | 28 | 27 | 21 | 21 | 26 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 8 | 3 | 12 | 35 | 1 | 10 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella longbeachae | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella other named | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 5 |
| Legionella sp | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | 3 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 4 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 63 | 65 | 68 | 72 | 52 | 84 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 12 | 6 | 19 | 14 | 11 | 13 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Monkeypox virus | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 388 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | - | - | - | 1 | 6 |
| Mumps virus | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 23 | 36 | 38 | 46 | 26 | 36 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia sp | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 1 | - | 4 | 8 | - | 11 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 54 | 56 | 55 | 49 | 20 | 18 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 24 | 27 | 39 | 25 | - | 11 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | - | 15 | 24 | 9 | 8 |
| Salmonella newport | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 13 | - | 34 | 59 | 77 | 107 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 19 | 9 | 22 | 15 | 16 | 7 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 38 | 26 | 36 | 31 | 8 | 11 |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | - | 5 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 16 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 7 | 8 |
| Shigella sonnei | 13 | 21 | 22 | 13 | 14 | 7 |
| Shigella sp | 37 | 35 | 49 | 41 | 27 | 45 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 52 | 59 | 58 | 60 | 45 | 74 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 95 | 80 | 68 | 94 | 89 | 96 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | 2 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/18 | 2022/19 | 2022/20 | 2022/21 | 2022/22 | 2022/23 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 3 | 4 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | - | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 4 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 1 | 5 | - | 1 | 3 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Providencia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Providencia stuartii | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/18 | 2022/19 | 2022/20 | 2022/21 | 2022/22 | 2022/23 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period