Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 31 (week ending 7 August 2022)

Updated 16 January 2023

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NOIDs weekly report

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Monkeypox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis
Week notification received 2022/26 2022/27 2022/28 2022/29 2022/30 2022/31
Arboviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
West Nile virus 1 - 1 - - -
Bacillus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Bacillus anthracis 2 - - - 1 -
Bacillus cereus 22 19 22 41 41 26
Bordetella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Bordetella pertussis 2 - 1 - 3 -
Borrelia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Borrelia burgdorferi 15 28 31 29 20 24
Borrelia sp 2 1 3 1 3 -
Borrelia tillae 1 - - 2 - -
Brucella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Brucella melitensis - 2 - - - -
Burkholderia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Burkholderia pseudomallei - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Campylobacter coli 58 61 48 51 36 35
Campylobacter fetus - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 390 355 336 342 283 242
Campylobacter lari 3 1 1 2 1 -
Campylobacter other named - - 2 - 2 3
Campylobacter sp 1,172 1,239 1,041 1,022 1,137 953
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - - - 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 1 2 - 1 1 -
Chikungunya virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Chikungunya virus 1 1 2 - 1 -
Clostridium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Clostridium perfringens 34 33 30 34 23 21
Coronavirus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Coronavirus 28 57 11 14 5 8
Human coronavirus hku1 1 - - - - -
SARS coronavirus 1 - - - 1 9
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 194 148 106 69 72 60
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 30 37 225 24 10 15
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 145,825 178,035 141,285 91,850 62,720 47,782
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 859 963 1,115 1,013 798 596
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 777 651 731 603 416 389
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 2,021 1,819 2,560 1,883 1,690 1,292
SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative 1 - - - - 1
SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive 1 - - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 639 647 1,386 754 582 675
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 1,998 2,114 3,351 2,745 2,307 2,089
Corynebacterium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 4 2 3 - 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 - - - -
Coxiella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Coxiella burnetii - - 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Cryptosporidium hominis 2 4 - 3 1 1
Cryptosporidium parvum 27 32 29 16 16 5
Cryptosporidium sp 11 13 14 14 25 39
Entamoeba Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Entamoeba histolytica - 1 1 1 2 1
Escherichia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Escherichia coli O 157 12 5 6 14 17 15
Flaviviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Dengue virus 1 1 5 1 2 4
Giardia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Giardia lamblia 3 1 1 - 1 -
Haemophilus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Haemophilus influenzae 72 86 56 52 50 32
Hepatitis viruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Hepatitis A 15 19 15 19 14 8
Hepatitis B 187 243 178 179 165 155
Hepatitis C 460 414 308 433 331 336
Hepatitis D 2 1 1 5 1 3
Hepatitis E 30 44 31 23 20 20
Influenza virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Influenza A 99 125 141 123 118 115
Influenza B 31 15 18 23 19 12
Influenza indeterminate - - - - - 6
Influenza ungrouped 23 64 2 2 5 1
Legionella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Legionella longbeachae - - 2 - - -
Legionella other named - - - - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 4 7 4 5 2 4
Legionella sp 3 3 - 3 2 1
Listeria Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Listeria monocytogenes 1 5 7 6 7 2
Mycobacterium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 67 76 66 45 54 71
Neisseria Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Neisseria meningitidis 6 18 8 12 9 4
Orthopoxvirus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Monkeypox virus 444 369 372 364 305 230
Paramyxoviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Measles virus 2 4 4 - 1 7
Mumps virus 4 4 3 1 3 5
Plasmodium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Plasmodium falciparum 9 1 3 1 1 5
Plasmodium malariae - - 1 - - -
Plasmodium vivax - - - - 1 -
Polyomavirus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Polyomavirus BK 41 85 25 27 26 30
Polyomavirus JC 4 2 2 2 1 3
Rickettsia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Rickettsia spotted fever - - 1 - 1 -
Rubella virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Rubella virus 2 11 - 2 1 3
Salmonella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Other salmonellas 65 61 67 74 68 39
Salmonella corvallis 5 - - - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 55 42 49 41 30 19
Salmonella gueuletapee 11 9 8 - - -
Salmonella infantis 12 5 9 7 - -
Salmonella java - - 7 - - -
Salmonella kentucky 5 - - - - -
Salmonella mbandaka - 6 - - - -
Salmonella mikawasima 5 6 - - 5 -
Salmonella newport 5 - - - - -
Salmonella sp 33 36 24 33 99 127
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 6 8 11 12 - -
Salmonella typhimurium 38 44 32 33 43 28
Shigella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Shigella boydii 2 - - - - -
Shigella dysenteriae 1 - 1 1 - 2
Shigella flexneri 21 9 10 10 4 8
Shigella sonnei 12 11 8 9 8 6
Shigella sp 39 40 36 29 34 31
Streptococcus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Streptococcus group A 52 74 84 76 76 52
Streptococcus pneumoniae 109 93 85 51 70 58
Vibrio Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Vibrio cholerae - - - 3 1 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*

Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit

Week notification received 2022/26 2022/27 2022/28 2022/29 2022/30 2022/31
Citrobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Citrobacter spp NDM 1 - - - 3 -
Ìý OXA48 - 1 - 1 2 -
Ìý VIM 1 - - - - -
Enterobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP - 1 - 2 - -
Ìý KPC 2 4 2 - 4 1
Ìý NDM 4 2 1 1 1 1
Ìý OXA48 1 2 4 1 - 1
Ìý VIM 1 - 1 - - -
Ìý Other 1 1 - - - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - 1 - - - -
Ìý NDM 1 - 1 - - -
Ìý OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Escherichia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Escherichia coli IMP - - - 1 - -
Ìý KPC 5 6 5 1 2 -
Ìý NDM 5 2 6 3 3 1
Ìý OXA48 4 3 2 2 4 1
Ìý VIM - - 1 - 2 -
Ìý Other - - - - 1 -
Escherichia hermannii KPC - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Klebsiella aerogenes KPC - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 1 2 - - 3 1
Ìý NDM 1 - - - - -
Ìý OXA48 1 1 - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC 4 7 5 1 5 -
Ìý NDM 1 4 2 2 3 -
Ìý OXA48 7 3 4 4 1 1
Klebsiella pneumoniae VIM - - 1 1 - -
Ìý Other - 1 1 - - -
Other klebsiella spp KPC - - - - 1 -
Ìý NDM - 1 - - - -
Ìý OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Pantoea Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Pantoea spp KPC 1 - - - - -
Proteus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Proteus mirabilis OXA48 1 - 1 - - -
Ìý VIM 1 - - - - -
Ìý Other 1 - - - - -
Providencia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Providencia stuartii Other - - - - 1 -
Raoultella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Raoultella ornithinolytica KPC - - - 1 - -
Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) KPC - 1 - - - -
Serratia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Other serratia spp OXA48 - 1 - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*

Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit

Week notification received 2022/26 2022/27 2022/28 2022/29 2022/30 2022/31
Acinetobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Acinetobacter baumannii IMP - - - - - 1
Ìý NDM - - - - 1 -
Ìý Other - 1 - 1 - -
Other acinetobacter spp Other - - - - 1 -
Pseudomonas Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - - - 1 -
Ìý VIM - - 1 - 1 -
Ìý Other 2 1 2 1 - -
Pseudomonas monteilli Other - 1 - - - -
Pseudomonas putida group VIM - 1 - - - -
Ìý Other - 1 - - - -
Other Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Ìý NDM - - - - - 1
Ìý OXA48 - - - - 1 -

*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period

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