Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 40 (week ending 9 October 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile Virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 | 2022/39 | 2022/40 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West nile virus | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 22 | 40 | 19 | 19 | 15 | 8 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 16 | 37 | 16 | 23 | 22 | 24 |
| Borrelia sp | 7 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Borrelia tillae | - | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella sp | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 26 | 48 | 42 | 21 | 25 | 27 |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter gracilis | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter helveticus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 251 | 284 | 234 | 228 | 263 | 210 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 746 | 984 | 876 | 750 | 789 | 1,589 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 23 | 27 | 22 | 25 | 33 | 30 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 7 | 4 | 17 | 9 | 18 | 9 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 35 | 98 | 144 | 47 | 111 | 73 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 9 | 24 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 11 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) | 25,568 | 24,992 | 28,808 | 42,254 | 51,750 | 61,700 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) indeterminate | 498 | 380 | 504 | 465 | 508 | 585 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 277 | 332 | 461 | 270 | 356 | 366 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 1,134 | 1,516 | 1,703 | 1,647 | 1,185 | 1,223 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 305 | 409 | 516 | 442 | 503 | 475 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 989 | 1,608 | 1,538 | 1,753 | 1,516 | 1,486 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 4 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 3 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 51 | 86 | 100 | 54 | 62 | 26 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 40 | 56 | 74 | 36 | 44 | 20 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 41 | 72 | 69 | 53 | 64 | 127 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 71 | 75 | 27 | 32 | 21 | 14 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | 1 | - | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 33 | 41 | 37 | 30 | 33 | 42 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 16 | 18 | 17 | 24 | 13 | 17 |
| Hepatitis B | 173 | 192 | 176 | 177 | 184 | 148 |
| Hepatitis C | 195 | 521 | 376 | 254 | 289 | 253 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 4 |
| Hepatitis E | 20 | 30 | 35 | 25 | 27 | 34 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 180 | 238 | 248 | 319 | 447 | 594 |
| Influenza B | 13 | 13 | 18 | 24 | 45 | 62 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | - | - | 1 | 10 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 2 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 18 | 16 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella longbeachae | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Legionella other named | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 9 | 10 | 8 | 14 | 7 | 8 |
| Legionella sp | 5 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 71 | 72 | 66 | 35 | 55 | 60 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 6 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 9 | 11 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Monkeypox virus | 67 | 62 | 45 | 25 | 25 | 21 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Mumps virus | 2 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 50 | 5 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | 12 | 8 |
| Plasmodium malariae | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 37 | 23 | 40 | 46 | 52 | 38 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 5 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 2 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 65 | 74 | 81 | 67 | 61 | 26 |
| Salmonella agona | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella braenderup | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella coeln | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 87 | 98 | 100 | 80 | 50 | 21 |
| Salmonella infantis | 9 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 8 | - |
| Salmonella java | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | 5 | 5 | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 9 | - | 6 | 8 | - | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | 6 | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | - | 7 | - | 9 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 24 | 15 | 29 | 29 | 102 | 159 |
| Salmonella thompson | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 17 | 19 | 32 | 24 | 24 | 8 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 48 | 71 | 48 | 70 | 42 | 31 |
| Salmonella virchow | 6 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 5 | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 14 |
| Shigella sonnei | 16 | 22 | 24 | 16 | 26 | 14 |
| Shigella sp | 49 | 50 | 38 | 50 | 46 | 42 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 54 | 53 | 36 | 48 | 38 | 57 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 36 | 46 | 49 | 55 | 79 | 90 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 | 2022/39 | 2022/40 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | KPC | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | - | 4 | - | - | - |
| Cronobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cronobacter sakazakii | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 7 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | Other | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Other enterobacter spp | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 6 | 6 | 2 | 11 | 10 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 8 | 12 | 2 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Escherichia hermannii | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | 3 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | KPC | 12 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 5 |
| Ìý | NDM | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | OXA48 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 3 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Mixta | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mixta calida | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Morganella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Morganella morganii | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Pantoea | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pantoea spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Raoultella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella spp | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 | 2022/39 | 2022/40 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | 3 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Pseudomonas putida group | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.