Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 49 (week ending 11 December 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/44 | 2022/45 | 2022/46 | 2022/47 | 2022/48 | 2022/49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 20 | 22 | 28 | 14 | 16 | 18 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | - | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 32 | 21 | 29 | 25 | 14 | 21 |
| Borrelia sp | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | 3 | - | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Brucella sp | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Burkholderia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 26 | 35 | 28 | 26 | 21 | 26 |
| Campylobacter helveticus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 247 | 282 | 240 | 187 | 202 | 176 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 862 | 830 | 862 | 775 | 797 | 759 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | 2 | - | - | 4 | - | 1 |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 41 | 31 | 36 | 31 | 29 | 33 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 32 | 20 | 30 | 41 | 58 | 87 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 144 | 167 | 167 | 150 | 177 | 217 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 6 | 6 | 13 | 12 | 40 | 22 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 24,370 | 20,915 | 19,500 | 20,966 | 23,367 | 29,138 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 352 | 333 | 226 | 195 | 270 | 271 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 195 | 243 | 246 | 233 | 221 | 217 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 1,075 | 1,132 | 2,089 | 1,058 | 1,278 | 1,166 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 457 | 214 | 473 | 309 | 256 | 264 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 1,206 | 820 | 1,685 | 1,000 | 1,063 | 1,003 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 11 | 10 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 3 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 2 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 47 | 48 | 22 | 23 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 51 | 51 | 42 | 27 | 3 | 5 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 31 | 33 | 38 | 86 | 73 | 68 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 5 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 17 | 15 | 21 | 6 | 5 | 7 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 8 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 7 |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 49 | 48 | 54 | 52 | 50 | 36 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 9 | 13 | 10 | 14 | 13 | 10 |
| Hepatitis B | 281 | 220 | 277 | 254 | 263 | 211 |
| Hepatitis C | 316 | 932 | 303 | 352 | 248 | 219 |
| Hepatitis D | 1 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Hepatitis E | 29 | 46 | 33 | 41 | 16 | 34 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 1,294 | 1,556 | 1,982 | 3,068 | 4,445 | 7,213 |
| Influenza B | 87 | 128 | 157 | 273 | 280 | 317 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 4 | 7 | 12 | - | 4 | 8 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 43 | 83 | 71 | 77 | 113 | 277 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella pneumophila | 8 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
| Legionella sp | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | - |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 7 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 98 | 78 | 89 | 84 | 80 | 67 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 13 | 18 | 17 | 9 | 13 | 21 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mpox virus | 4 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 5 | - |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Mumps virus | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | 3 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 33 | 55 | 52 | 43 | 36 | 42 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 3 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 5 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia other named | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 56 | 65 | 42 | 50 | 34 | 29 |
| Salmonella agona | 6 | - | 7 | - | 5 | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 50 | 43 | 44 | 25 | 22 | 19 |
| Salmonella infantis | 7 | 6 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella java | 11 | 8 | - | 7 | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | 5 |
| Salmonella newport | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 16 | 31 | 54 | 30 | 63 | 98 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 19 | 9 | 10 | 16 | 8 | 7 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 29 | 26 | 30 | 18 | 13 | 8 |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 15 | 20 | 11 | 19 | 9 | 8 |
| Shigella sonnei | 26 | 26 | 20 | 30 | 25 | 18 |
| Shigella sp | 45 | 32 | 51 | 39 | 48 | 30 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 75 | 88 | 55 | 101 | 83 | 136 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 130 | 94 | 70 | 101 | 112 | 144 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/44 | 2022/45 | 2022/46 | 2022/47 | 2022/48 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 3 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 4 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Ìý | NDM | 5 | 4 | 3 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 3 | 5 | - | 2 | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 12 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 4 |
| Ìý | NDM | 5 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 4 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 8 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Escherichia hermannii | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 3 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 7 | 11 | 2 | 6 | 4 |
| Ìý | NDM | 4 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Morganella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pantoea | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pantoea septica | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pluralibacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pluralibacter gergoviae | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other pluralibacter spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus vulgaris | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Providencia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Providencia stuartii | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Raoultella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/44 | 2022/45 | 2022/46 | 2022/47 | 2022/48 | 2022/49 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 4 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.