Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 51 (week ending 22 December 2024)

Updated 30 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

© Crown copyright 2024

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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/46 2024/47 2024/48 2024/49 2024/50 2024/51
Arboviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
West Nile Virus - - - - - 1
Bacillus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Bacillus cereus 21 25 21 14 14 17
Bordetella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Bordetella pertussis 28 31 48 28 21 25
Borrelia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Borrelia burgdorferi 18 34 26 24 29 19
Borrelia sp 5 6 1 11 4 6
Brucella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Brucella melitensis - 1 - - - -
Brucella sp 1 - 4 - 4 1
Burkholderia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Burkholderia pseudomallei - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Campylobacter coli 30 35 31 40 46 23
Campylobacter fetus 1 2 - - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 333 358 310 253 284 181
Campylobacter other named - 1 3 - 2 1
Campylobacter rectus 1 - - 1 1 -
Campylobacter sp 1,128 1,019 930 992 834 925
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - 1 - 1 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 1 3 1 - - 1
Chikungunya virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Chikungunya virus - 2 - 1 3 2
Clostridium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Clostridium perfringens 21 25 38 46 38 40
Coronavirus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Coronavirus 27 42 37 68 89 112
Human coronavirus hku1 - - - 1 - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 50 35 36 2 4 7
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 16 - - - 4 -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,137 1,204 1,056 1,194 1,175 1,204
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 78 92 115 72 66 88
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 16 13 15 9 8 8
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 94 131 90 94 76 65
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 11 7 10 10 10 9
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 32 39 26 48 46 27
Corynebacterium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 3 3 3 3 - 6
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 1 - 1 1
Coxiella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Coxiella burnetii - - - - 1 -
Cryptosporidium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Cryptosporidium cuniculus - - - 1 1 -
Cryptosporidium hominis 16 4 8 6 9 7
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - - - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 32 28 48 58 37 21
Cryptosporidium sp 70 84 87 64 72 61
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum 1 - - 1 1 -
Entamoeba Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Entamoeba histolytica 4 2 4 - 2 5
Escherichia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Escherichia coli O 157 11 9 21 14 5 10
Flaviviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Dengue virus 6 8 7 5 5 5
Giardia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Giardia sp 95 127 111 103 105 109
Haemophilus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Haemophilus influenzae 69 70 73 67 59 84
Hepatitis viruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Hepatitis A 16 12 11 22 24 26
Hepatitis B 320 312 294 270 274 267
Hepatitis C 275 278 280 262 258 211
Hepatitis D 9 6 12 5 9 9
Hepatitis E 35 33 31 38 38 30
Influenza virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Influenza A 1,086 1,869 3,302 5,642 7,883 11,700
Influenza B 111 123 155 231 369 543
Influenza indeterminate - 2 2 7 4 5
Influenza ungrouped 20 39 96 179 226 263
Legionella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Legionella longbeachae - - 1 - - -
Legionella pneumophila 7 3 5 6 8 3
Legionella sp 2 2 1 1 2 3
Leptospira Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Leptospira interrogans - - - - - 1
Listeria Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Listeria monocytogenes 3 2 4 1 2 4
Mycobacterium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 81 82 96 78 87 97
Neisseria Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Neisseria meningitidis 48 38 41 26 33 43
Orthopoxvirus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Mpox virus positive 5 9 24 7 6 7
Paramyxoviruses Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Measles virus 34 18 31 29 22 27
Mumps virus 5 3 7 3 12 5
Plasmodium Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Plasmodium falciparum - - - - - 20
Plasmodium malariae - - 1 - - 1
Plasmodium ovale - - - - - 3
Plasmodium vivax - - - - - 1
Polyomavirus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Polyomavirus BK 40 60 54 59 64 41
Polyomavirus JC 9 7 8 8 3 10
Polyomavirus untyped 22 7 20 13 22 14
Rickettsia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Rickettsia sp - 1 1 - - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - 2 - 1 - -
Rubella virus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Rubella virus 2 4 - 3 5 3
Salmonella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Other salmonellas 67 72 62 62 39 30
Salmonella agona - - 6 - - -
Salmonella bareilly - - - 5 - -
Salmonella enteritidis 92 60 45 41 19 6
Salmonella java 12 - - - 5 -
Salmonella kentucky 5 - - 8 - -
Salmonella mikawasima 5 - - 6 - -
Salmonella newport 10 12 12 - - -
Salmonella panama 5 - - - - -
Salmonella sp 35 19 13 35 74 106
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 6 8 11 16 12 -
Salmonella typhimurium 29 43 27 33 20 7
Salmonella enterica 6 - - - - -
Shigella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Shigella boydii 1 1 - - 1 -
Shigella flexneri 27 26 10 20 13 12
Shigella sonnei 27 34 17 24 19 10
Shigella sp 74 69 46 64 36 73
Streptococcus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Streptococcus group A 52 42 49 59 57 53
Streptococcus pneumoniae 110 129 158 185 182 190
Vibrio Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Vibrio cholerae 2 - 4 - 1 4

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/46 2024/47 2024/48 2024/49 2024/50 2024/51
Citrobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Citrobacter spp IMP 2 1 - 2 - -
Ìý KPC 1 - - 1 - 1
Ìý NDM 3 1 - 2 1 -
Ìý OXA48 1 3 2 1 2 -
Ìý VIM - - 1 - - -
Ìý Other - 1 - - - -
Enterobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 7 6 1 3 2 -
Ìý KPC 6 4 3 4 3 2
Ìý NDM 14 3 7 6 5 3
Ìý OXA48 5 5 1 2 3 -
Ìý VIM - 1 - - - -
Ìý Other 3 - - - 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 2 - - - - -
Ìý NDM 1 1 1 - - -
Ìý OXA48 1 - 1 - - -
Ìý VIM - - 1 - - -
Escherichia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Escherichia coli IMP - 4 - 2 2 1
Ìý KPC 5 2 4 1 4 1
Ìý NDM 12 11 10 9 17 1
Ìý OXA48 18 24 21 13 21 3
Ìý Other 1 3 - - 1 -
Escherichia vulneris KPC 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Klebsiella aerogenes IMP 1 - - - - -
Ìý OXA48 - 1 1 1 1 -
Ìý Other - 1 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - 1 - - -
Ìý KPC 3 1 2 2 2 2
Ìý NDM 1 - - 1 - -
Ìý OXA48 4 2 2 - 1 -
Ìý VIM - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 - 2 1 1 -
Ìý KPC 16 6 14 9 12 3
Ìý NDM 8 5 7 8 5 1
Ìý OXA48 10 8 13 15 9 -
Ìý VIM 2 1 - - 1 -
Ìý Other 1 - 2 - 1 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp ozenae OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella variicola KPC 1 1 - - - -
Ìý NDM - - - 1 - -
Ìý OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Other klebsiella spp KPC - - 1 - - -
Ìý OXA48 1 1 - 1 - -
Leclercia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Leclercia adecarboxylata OXA48 1 - - - - -
Morganella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Morganella morganii KPC 1 - - - - -
Morganella morganii subsp morganii NDM - - - - 1 -
Proteus Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 5 3 1 2 -
Ìý Other - 2 1 1 2 -
Providencia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Providencia stuartii Other 1 - - - - -
Raoultella Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Raoultella spp KPC - - - 1 - -
Ìý OXA48 1 - - 1 - -
Serratia Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - 2 - - -
Ìý OXA48 - - - - 1 -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to theÌýAMRHAIÌýReference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/46 2024/47 2024/48 2024/49 2024/50 2024/51
Acinetobacter Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - 1 1 1 2 -
Ìý Other - - - 1 - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - 1 - 1 - -
Pseudomonas Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM - - - 2 2 1
Ìý VIM 2 - - 1 1 -
Ìý Other 3 1 1 1 1 1
Pseudomonas fluorescens group Other - - - 1 - -
Other pseudomonas spp VIM 1 - - - - -
Ìý Other - - - - 1 -
Other Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Ìý KPC - 1 - - - -
Ìý NDM 1 - - 1 1 -
Ìý OXA48 1 - - - - -
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